Thought for the Week

 

13 January 2008 – The Baptism of Christ

 

Collect:

Eternal Father, at the baptism of Jesus,

You revealed Him to be your Son,

anointing Him with the Holy Spirit:

grant to us, who are born again by water and the Spirit,

that we may be faithful to our calling as your adopted children;

through your Son, Jesus Christ our Lord,

who is alive and reigns with You and the Holy Spirit,

one God now and for ever.  Amen.

 

Readings

Isaiah 42, 1 - 9

 

Psalm 29

 

Acts 10, 34 - 43

 

Matthew 3, 13 - 17

 

What on earth is Jesus doing getting baptised?  We are baptised to share in his death and resurrection, so what is he getting baptised into?  His own death and resurrection?  Well in a way, yes.  To understand why, we need to do some theology.

 

Between Chapters Two and Three, Matthew makes a jump of about twenty-five years from the events of Jesus’ very early childhood, to here, when Jesus is clearly an adult.  He also makes a geographical jump of about 65 miles, or roughly three days’ journey, from where we left Jesus as a boy of about 4 – 6 years old in the care of Mary and Joseph in Nazareth, to the river Jordan.  And the centre of the narrative has shifted too, now it is not Jesus, but John the Baptist.

 

For Matthew, John is the new Elijah.  He even describes John the Baptist wearing the same clothes as Elijah does in the Second Book of Kings, (1, 8).  His diet is the same too, locusts and wild honey.   The important thing about Elijah is that he is the one who calls Israel to repentance, to make a straight way through the wilderness for the Messiah.  This was by no means just an abstract theological idea.    By the time of Jesus, all Jews expected that Elijah would come back to earth to get everything ready for the coming of the Messiah, and they longed to see him.  Indeed, Jews today still believe that Elijah will come back before the Messiah.  Of course, Elijah is one of the two people in the Old Testament who never actually died.  Elijah was caught up to heaven in a whirlwind (2 Kings 2, 11), so it made perfect sense that it should be he, of all the Old Testament prophets, who returned.

 

John therefore is doing Elijah things, in the Elijah place, wearing Elijah clothes, and eating Elijah food.  Just as Elijah had to flee from the revenge of the pagan queen Jezebel, so John is keeping out of the way of the authorities in the wilderness on the Eastern side of the River Jordan.  The wilderness represents a simpler life style, where the children of Israel, free from the cares of city life and the pressure to make money, are free to seek Jahweh, and serve him. 

 

Like Elijah in his day, John is challenging the King, in this case Herod Antipas, also called Herod the Tetrarch, son of Herod the great, about his adulterous marriage.  (You have had a homily about that recently, so I won’t go into the details again.)

 

Adultery might seem no big deal according to generally accepted standards of Royal behaviour today, but adultery then was seen as a symptom of the Children of Israel being unfaithful to God.  There was a constant battle between those who wanted to keep the Faith of Israel pure, led by Elijah, whose very name means “my God is Jahweh”, and those who were happy to adulterate the faith of Israel, and worship Jahweh as just one God among the many pagan Gods that all the other peoples worshipped.  For the King to make an adulterous marriage struck right at the heart of the faith of Israel.

 

But the prophet had always had another role too, calling the ordinary people of Israel to repent, and live holy lives.  Perhaps, at least in the time of John the Baptist, this was an easier task.  Divorce and re-marriage were only for the wealthy, and with the demands of the Roman taxation system, virtually the only people who weren’t poor were those involved in collecting the taxes, which is part of the reason that the tax-collectors were so hated.

 

For the ordinary people, the coming of God’s Kingdom on earth and the beginning of his reign of justice, mercy and peace simply could not happen soon enough.  They flocked to John the Baptist in droves, to hear the wonderful message of peace and goodwill, the same message that the Christmas Angels had brought to the shepherds some thirty years before.

 

Let us just get a couple of things clear. “Repenting” means thinking about yourself and about God, and about your relationship with Him, in a new way.  It is from a Greek word meaning to turn round.  John couples the command to repent with the command to believe.  Both concepts are closely related.  As soon as we believe in God, we turn our lives around, and the process of turning our lives round deepens our faith and trust in God.

 

John had a slightly different take on Believing and repenting, because he included Baptism.  It comes from another Greek word, meaning dipping or plunging.  The Jews had a tradition of ritual washing or “Tevilah”, which went right back to the Exodus, when the people were told to wash their clothes before they could come to the foot of the mountain where Moses was to meet God face-to-face, to be given the tablets with the Law inscribed on them.  The sons of Aaron, the first Jewish Priests, similarly, were told to wash themselves all over before taking part in worship.  Solomon’s Temple contained a large brass dish, ten feet across, for the Priests to wash before worship, and every Synagogue since the exile, and still now, has pools or Mikvoth (plural of Mikveh), separate ones for men, women and dead bodies.  By the time of John the Baptist, the Jews had Mikveh purification rites for:

 

a)    Women after childbirth, or a period

b)    Brides before weddings

c)     Priests before worship

d)    Men and women (separately) before Yom Kippur, (the Day of Atonement), and optionally, for the really devout, before every Sabbath

e)    Dead bodies in preparation for burial

f)      New kitchen utensils before they were first used

g)    Converts

 

Incidentally, the standard practice was to stand fully dressed in the water, up to about your knees, and scoop up handfuls to pour over your head.  Somebody else might help you, particularly for brides, and converts, but it was and is quite possible to go through the ritual all on your own.

 

It was of course the convert ceremony that the Church adopted.  By the time of John the Baptist, there were three elements that made a new convert Jewish – Circumcision, Baptism and Sacrifice.  Rabbi Hillel, Saint Paul’s former teacher, argued that Baptism was the most important of the three, because it was about new life and new beginnings, and we can see some of his thinking reflected in the writings of Paul.

 

But perhaps in John’s ministry, the Baptism had more to do with the Mikvoth for (c), (d) and (e), before worship, before the Day of Atonement, and before burial.

 

Here, at the beginning of his ministry, Jesus is undergoing all three of these ritual purification washings.  He is the great High Priest, and the whole of ministry is an act of worship.  His Crucifixion is the definitive Day of Atonement, compared to which all others pale into insignificance.  His death, is both the ultimate victory over death, and makes sense of all that he did and said during his Ministry.  In that sense, his whole public ministry is about his death, and this is the appropriate point in time for his body to be washed for its burial.  Of course, as we shall see when we come to think about Easter, his disciples had no time to perform the ritual washing or Mikveh of his body, because He rose from the dead before they got there, but then his burial Mikveh had already been done by John the Baptist.

 

There is another aspect too, which we bring out in our own Baptism service.  For Matthew, Jesus is the New Moses.  So, like Moses before Him, in Baptism, He symbolically crosses the Red Sea, (here the waters of the River Jordan), before He, like Moses and the children of Israel, goes into the wilderness to encounter God.

 

Then there’s the Dove.  Of course, Noah released a dove (Genesis 8, 8), and when she came back with an olive branch in her beak, he knew that the flood waters were receding, and God’s terrible punishment was coming to an end.  The dove is the herald of God’s love, and the “New Deal” He offers to his children, finally sealed in the rainbow.  Here the dove, once again God’s messenger of a “New Deal”, rests upon Jesus, anointing Him at the start of his ministry.

 

Then there’s the voice.  It was generally understood that after the exile (587 BC) the voice of God was heard no more in Israel, because there were no more prophets to hear the voice of God directly, and that all that was left was the daughter of the voice, Beth Qohl, which could be heard at one remove by keeping the Law, studying the scriptures, and giving alms.  Yet many of the ordinary people of Israel revered John as a Prophet, and Matthew quotes Jesus as saying that John is indeed the Prophet Elijah (Matthew 11, 14).  And here we have the voice of God once more.  It is John who sees the dove and hears the voice, and understands it for what it is. 

 

Some regard the words of this voice, “Behold my Son in Whom I am well pleased” as being the adoption of Jesus by Jahweh, as it reflects one of the coronation Psalms recited at the crowning of a new King of Israel and Judah “You are my Son, this day have I begotten you” (Psalm 2, 7).   Certainly it offers another way of understanding how Jesus can be both human and divine, but of course God is not limited by time, as we are. 

 

So, in his baptism, we see Jesus being anointed, proclaimed and purified. He is King, Priest, and victim, who is to die for our sins, just as we heard last week, when the gifts of the Magi proclaimed Jesus as King, Priest and Victim when He was a small boy.  The story of his baptism repeats Matthew’s story of his beginnings. 

 

And what of us?  If we share in his baptism, then we share in those three things too.  We are to be servants of the King, and we are to be holy, even as He is Holy, and we are to share in his death and resurrection, as we live out his Gospel in our lives.  May God give you all that you need to share in his baptism now and always.   Amen.

 

Fr. Charles Howard: Anglican Chaplaincy of Midi-Pyrénées & Aude

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